Fresno RIPA Data Project

Descriptive Analysis

Before engaging in a detailed analysis of Fresno PD patrol activity as outlined in the research plan, we created this descriptive analysis to explore overall trends in the Fresno RIPA data. This helps us determine if our expected findings are likely to show up in the data and allows us to identify any trends we did not expect. We include basis tallies on each of the following:

Stops overview

Number and Rate of Officer-Initiated Stops vs. Calls for Service

In 2022, there were a total of 5,317 police stops made by Fresno PD. Of those stops, 5,028 were officer-initiated stops and 289 were calls for service.

In 2022, 94.6%_ of Fresno Police Department stops were officer initiated stops while only 5.4% of stops were calls for service.

Total number of people stopped

In 2022, Fresno PD stopped a total of 5,060 people through Officer-Initiated Stops.

Demographics

Race

Officer-Initiated Stops by the Fresno Police Department disproportionately target Latinx residents.

Age

Individuals aged 25-34 experienced the highest rates of Officer-Initiated Stops by Fresno PD in the year 2022.

Gender

In the year 2022, Males account for nearly 57% of Officer-Initiated Stops by Fresno PD.

Race by age

In all age groups except for 55-64 and 65 and older, Latinx individuals make up nearly 50% or more of the Officer-Initiated Stops by Fresno PD.

In 2022, White individuals within the age groups of 55-64 and 65 and older were the most frequently stopped during Officer-Initiated Stops by Fresno PD.

Officer-Initiated Stops in 2022 by Race and Age

Age Group	Race	Total	Count	Percent
17 and under	Latinx	66	34	51.5
17 and under	Asian	66	2	3.0
17 and under	Black	66	4	6.1
17 and under	SSWANA	66	5	7.6
17 and under	White	66	21	31.8
18-24	Latinx	1,178	683	58.0
18-24	AIAN	1,178	1	0.1
18-24	Asian	1,178	47	4.0
18-24	Black	1,178	106	9.0
18-24	Multiracial	1,178	2	0.2
18-24	SSWANA	1,178	88	7.5
18-24	White	1,178	251	21.3
25-34	Latinx	1,744	903	51.8
25-34	AIAN	1,744	1	0.1
25-34	Asian	1,744	82	4.7
25-34	Black	1,744	232	13.3
25-34	NHPI	1,744	1	0.1
25-34	SSWANA	1,744	140	8.0
25-34	White	1,744	385	22.1
35-44	Latinx	992	493	49.7
35-44	AIAN	992	1	0.1
35-44	Asian	992	45	4.5
35-44	Black	992	105	10.6
35-44	NHPI	992	1	0.1
35-44	SSWANA	992	72	7.3
35-44	White	992	275	27.7
45-54	Latinx	579	283	48.9
45-54	AIAN	579	1	0.2
45-54	Asian	579	23	4.0
45-54	Black	579	62	10.7
45-54	Multiracial	579	2	0.3
45-54	SSWANA	579	33	5.7
45-54	White	579	175	30.2
55-64	Latinx	323	117	36.2
55-64	Asian	323	14	4.3
55-64	Black	323	40	12.4
55-64	SSWANA	323	20	6.2
55-64	White	323	132	40.9
65 and older	Latinx	178	52	29.2
65 and older	Asian	178	8	4.5
65 and older	Black	178	22	12.4
65 and older	SSWANA	178	8	4.5
65 and older	White	178	88	49.4

Race by age and gender

Rate and count of perceived gender and age of people stopped within each perceived racial group

In 2022, Latinx individuals aged 24-35, both Male and Female, were the most frequently stopped by Fresno PD during Officer-Initiated Stops.

In 2022, more than 40% of Latinx males 17 and under were stopped by Fresno PD through an Officer-Initiated Stop.

Officer-Initiated Stops Over Time by Age Group, Race, and Gender

Age Group	Race	Gender	Total	Count	Percent
17 and under	Latinx	Male	66	27	40.9
17 and under	Latinx	Female	66	7	10.6
17 and under	Asian	Male	66	1	1.5
17 and under	Asian	Female	66	1	1.5
17 and under	Black	Male	66	4	6.1
17 and under	SSWANA	Male	66	3	4.5
17 and under	SSWANA	Female	66	2	3.0
17 and under	White	Male	66	11	16.7
17 and under	White	Female	66	10	15.2
18-24	Latinx	Male	1,178	431	36.6
18-24	Latinx	Female	1,178	249	21.1
18-24	Latinx	Transgender Woman/Girl	1,178	1	0.1
18-24	Latinx	Gender Nonconforming	1,178	2	0.2
18-24	AIAN	Male	1,178	1	0.1
18-24	Asian	Male	1,178	28	2.4
18-24	Asian	Female	1,178	19	1.6
18-24	Black	Male	1,178	63	5.3
18-24	Black	Female	1,178	43	3.7
18-24	Multiracial	Male	1,178	1	0.1
18-24	Multiracial	Female	1,178	1	0.1
18-24	SSWANA	Male	1,178	69	5.9
18-24	SSWANA	Female	1,178	19	1.6
18-24	White	Male	1,178	135	11.5
18-24	White	Female	1,178	115	9.8
18-24	White	Gender Nonconforming	1,178	1	0.1
25-34	Latinx	Male	1,744	485	27.8
25-34	Latinx	Female	1,744	418	24.0
25-34	AIAN	Female	1,744	1	0.1
25-34	Asian	Male	1,744	44	2.5
25-34	Asian	Female	1,744	38	2.2
25-34	Black	Male	1,744	121	6.9
25-34	Black	Female	1,744	111	6.4
25-34	NHPI	Male	1,744	1	0.1
25-34	SSWANA	Male	1,744	119	6.8
25-34	SSWANA	Female	1,744	21	1.2
25-34	White	Male	1,744	181	10.4
25-34	White	Female	1,744	202	11.6
25-34	White	Gender Nonconforming	1,744	2	0.1
35-44	Latinx	Male	992	286	28.8
35-44	Latinx	Female	992	206	20.8
35-44	Latinx	Transgender Man/Boy	992	1	0.1
35-44	AIAN	Male	992	1	0.1
35-44	Asian	Male	992	26	2.6
35-44	Asian	Female	992	19	1.9
35-44	Black	Male	992	54	5.4
35-44	Black	Female	992	51	5.1
35-44	NHPI	Male	992	1	0.1
35-44	SSWANA	Male	992	42	4.2
35-44	SSWANA	Female	992	30	3.0
35-44	White	Male	992	129	13.0
35-44	White	Female	992	146	14.7
45-54	Latinx	Male	579	149	25.7
45-54	Latinx	Female	579	134	23.1
45-54	AIAN	Male	579	1	0.2
45-54	Asian	Male	579	14	2.4
45-54	Asian	Female	579	9	1.6
45-54	Black	Male	579	38	6.6
45-54	Black	Female	579	24	4.1
45-54	Multiracial	Male	579	1	0.2
45-54	Multiracial	Female	579	1	0.2
45-54	SSWANA	Male	579	24	4.1
45-54	SSWANA	Female	579	9	1.6
45-54	White	Male	579	79	13.6
45-54	White	Female	579	96	16.6
55-64	Latinx	Male	323	74	22.9
55-64	Latinx	Female	323	43	13.3
55-64	Asian	Male	323	8	2.5
55-64	Asian	Female	323	6	1.9
55-64	Black	Male	323	24	7.4
55-64	Black	Female	323	16	5.0
55-64	SSWANA	Male	323	16	5.0
55-64	SSWANA	Female	323	4	1.2
55-64	White	Male	323	68	21.1
55-64	White	Female	323	64	19.8
65 and older	Latinx	Male	178	27	15.2
65 and older	Latinx	Female	178	25	14.0
65 and older	Asian	Male	178	5	2.8
65 and older	Asian	Female	178	3	1.7
65 and older	Black	Male	178	13	7.3
65 and older	Black	Female	178	9	5.1
65 and older	SSWANA	Male	178	6	3.4
65 and older	SSWANA	Female	178	2	1.1
65 and older	White	Male	178	53	29.8
65 and older	White	Female	178	35	19.7

Stop Reasons

Total counts and rates

The Fresno Police Department makes an overwhelming majority of their officer-initiated stops for traffic violations. In 2022, Over 99% of people stopped by Fresno PD officers were stopped due to a perceived traffic violation.

Stop Results

Over-all stops by stop result out of all officer-initiated stops

Reasons for Officer-Initiated Stops by Fresno PD (2022)

Reported Stop Reason	# of Stops	% of All Stops
Traffic violation	5,023	99.27%
Reasonable suspicion	21	0.42%
Knowledge of outstanding arrest/wanted person	9	0.18%
Consensual encounter resulting in search	4	0.08%
Parole/probation/PRCS/ mandatory supervision	3	0.06%

Traffic Stops

Traffic stops by type

Fresno PD made close to 4,000 traffic stops of moving vehicles in 2022, which represented more than three-quarters of their total stops for traffic violations.

Stop reasons within equipment/non-moving traffic stops

Over 50% of the non-moving or equipment-related traffic citations issued by Fresno PD in 2022 were for vehicles with obstructed windows or improper registration.

Fresno PD Equipment and Non-moving Traffic Citations Issued (2022)

Traffic Violation	# of Times Cited	% of Total Equipment/Non-moving Traffic Violations
Obstructed window/mirrors	359	31.30%
Unregistered vehicle	292	25.46%
License plates improperly displayed	58	5.06%
Unregistered vehicle in public parking facility	57	4.97%
Improper vehicle lighting	54	4.71%
Expired registration	51	4.45%
Inadequate mufflers	40	3.49%
Improper bicycle lighting	39	3.40%
License plate not illuminated	24	2.09%
Driving without headlights	20	1.74%

Traffic stops by result of stop

Across all three types of officer-initiated traffic stops (Equipment, Moving, Non-moving), a citation for infraction is the most common stop result, while a Warning verbal or written is within the top three most common stop results across all traffic stops.

Traffic citations as stop result

Most Common Citations that resulted from an Officer-Initiated Traffic Stop

Offense Code	Offense Statute	Statute	Total	Count	Rate
54106	22350	UNSAFE SPEED:PREVAIL COND	5,843	3,022	51.7
54571	26708(A)(1)	OPR VEH:WINDOW OBSTRUCTED	5,843	414	7.1
54657	4000(A)(1)	NO REG:VEH/TRAILER/ETC	5,843	352	6.0
54107	12500(A)	DRIVE W/O LICENSE	5,843	350	6.0
54566	23123(A)	USE CELLPH W/DRIV W/O HFD	5,843	159	2.7
54655	23123.5(A)	NO HND HLD DEVICE W/DRIVE	5,843	145	2.5
54101	16028(A)	FAIL PROVE FIN RSP:PO REQ	5,843	128	2.2

Traffic stops that result in a citation for driving without a license

The Fresno Police Department only stopped 8 people in 2022 for driving without a license.

##   count
## 1     8

By Race

Use of Force

Total count/rate out of all officer-initiated stops

Out of all officer-initiated stops made by Fresno PD, 99.7% of stops were indicated as having no instance of any use of force (5,043 total stops) while 0.33% of stops were indicated in the data as having instances of use of force (17 stops).

Total count/rate by stop reason

All incidents of use of force inflicted by Fresno PD in 2022 occurred during traffic stops.

By race / gender

Field Interview (FI) Card

Total count/rate out of all officer-initiated stops

Total count/rate by stop reason

By race

Referral to US Department of Homeland Security ICE

Total count/rate out of all officer-initiated stops

Total count/rate by stop reason

By race

Stops with a search that resulted in no contraband [RDA: lower prioritiy]

Total count/rate out of all officer-initiated stops

Time spent

Time spent by stop reason

Time spent by stop result